Ehye ašer ehye (" I Am that I Am"), the explanation presented in Exodus 3:14, appears to be a late theological gloss invented at a time when the original meaning had been forgotten.
This name is not attested other than among the Israelites and seems not to have any plausible etymology. The shortened forms "Yeho-" and "Yo-" appear in personal names and in phrases such as " Hallelujah!"
2.5 Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods (586–332 BCE)Īncient Hebrew was written without vowels, so that the god's name is written in paleo-Hebrew as 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 ( יהוה in Modern Hebrew), transliterated as YHWH modern scholarship has agreed to represent this as Yahweh.Outside of early Judaism, Yahweh was frequently invoked in Greco-Roman magical texts from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE under the names Iao, Adonai, Sabaoth, and Eloai. During the Second Temple period, speaking the name of Yahweh in public became regarded as taboo Jews began to substitute the divine name with the word adonai ( אֲדֹנָי), meaning " My Lords" but used as a singular like " Elohim", and after the Temple was destroyed in 70 CE the original pronunciation was forgotten.
Towards the end of the Babylonian captivity, the very existence of foreign gods was denied, and Yahweh was proclaimed as the creator of the cosmos and the one true God of all the world. In the oldest biblical literature, he is a storm-and- warrior deity who leads the heavenly army against Israel's enemies at that time the Israelites worshipped him alongside a variety of Canaanite gods and goddesses, including El, Asherah and Baal in later centuries, El and Yahweh became conflated and El-linked epithets such as El Shaddai came to be applied to Yahweh alone, and other gods and goddesses such as Baal and Asherah were absorbed into the Yahwist religion. The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age. Yahweh was the national god of ancient Israel and Judah.
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